Superabsorbent polymer, often known as SAP or superabsorbent material (SAM),  High water-absorbent resin finds diverse applications in both consumer and industrial sectors due to its remarkable ability to absorb water and aqueous solutions, absorbing up to 500 times its weight in liquid. Originally developed in the 1960s by the US Department of Agriculture to enhance water conservation in soil, the initial polymer was starch-based, but modern SAP technology shifted to hydrocarbon-derived polymers, High molecular weight water-absorbent material specifically crosslinked acrylic polymers neutralized with sodium.

Superabsorbent polymers have become a staple in the hygiene industry, with around 3 million tons produced annually. Their applications include Hydrogel, Feminine hygiene pads, Fake snow, Wastewater treatment SAP, Agricultural application SAP, Baby and adult diapers, and various incontinence products.

Chimica dei polimeri superassorbenti: Superabsorbent polymers used in laminates and airlaids are typically formed through the reaction of acrylic acid monomer with sodium hydroxide and a cross-linking agent, resulting in polyacrylic acid sodium salt. Gel Polymerization is the most common technique, where components are sprayed onto a moving belt in the presence of UV light, causing crosslinking. Suspension Polymerization and Solution Polymerization are alternative methods.

Applicazione dei polimeri superassorbenti: Quando questi polimeri entrano in contatto con liquidi acquosi, come l'urina o il sangue, assorbono acqua per osmosi. Questo li rende ideali per i prodotti per l'igiene personale e l'incontinenza, in quanto possono trattenere grandi quantità di liquido anche sotto pressione. Tuttavia, a contatto con liquidi contenenti alti livelli di sale, la capacità di assorbimento diminuisce.

Caratteristiche importanti dei polimeri superassorbenti:

• Dimensione delle particelle
• Capacità di assorbimento del rigonfiamento libero
• Capacità di assorbimento sotto carico
• Proprietà di ritenzione idrica
• Tasso di assorbimento dell'acqua
• Permeabilità del polimero
• Forza del gel
• Capacità di traspirazione