{"id":6950,"date":"2026-05-09T02:50:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T02:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/?p=6950"},"modified":"2026-05-10T02:48:07","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T02:48:07","slug":"a-brief-history-of-super-absorbent-polymer-sap-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/a-brief-history-of-super-absorbent-polymer-sap-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Polymer si\u00eau th\u1ea5m (SAP)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Polyme si\u00eau th\u1ea5m (SAP) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang. Khi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, SAPs s\u1ebd ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hydrogel ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5m h\u00fat truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c hydrogel n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn SAPs c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y tissue, b\u00f4ng, b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p.<\/p>\n

\"GELSAP
GELSAP Gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5m h\u00fat truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m SAP ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5m h\u00fat th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea5y l\u1ee5a, b\u00f4ng, b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y x\u1ed1p. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 20 l\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ra ngo\u00e0i khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960: S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c polyme si\u00eau th\u1ea5m<\/h3>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p polyacrylonitrile v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tinh b\u1ed9t. Lo\u1ea1i polymer gh\u00e9p tinh b\u1ed9t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 400 l\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gel v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 polymer si\u00eau th\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960\u2013th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

Do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 do B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5m h\u00fat thay th\u1ebf. C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m tinh b\u1ed9t, cellulose carboxymethyl (CMC), axit acrylic, r\u01b0\u1ee3u polyvinyl (PVA) v\u00e0 isobutylene\u2013maleic anhydride (IMA). C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc SAP v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac polymer c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970: Nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n

Trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, b\u1ed9t si\u00eau th\u1ea5m (SAP) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u SAP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec7 sinh d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980: M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec7 sinh<\/h3>\n

N\u0103m 1982, ch\u1ea5t SAP l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00e3 l\u00f3t tr\u1ebb em t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, UniCharm \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e3 l\u00f3t tr\u1ebb em si\u00eau th\u1ea5m h\u00fat t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng, khi ch\u1ea5t SAP nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec7 sinh d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u00e3 l\u00f3t v\u00e0 b\u0103ng v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn nay: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SAP hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polymer th\u1ea5m h\u00fat c\u00f3 gh\u00e9p tinh b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 sinh d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i SAP hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c homopolymer acrylic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 axit polyacrylic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng natri, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n gel t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t SAP th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c copolyme acrylic\u2013acrylamide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e9o, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng kali, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n

B\u1ed9t h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hydrogel ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t si\u00eau th\u1ea5m \u2014 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m h\u00fat cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thu gi\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec7 sinh, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c polymer si\u00eau th\u1ea5m (SAP) \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c polymer si\u00eau th\u1ea5m (SAP) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Super Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) are a class of advanced functional polymer materials capable of absorbing and retaining extremely large amounts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[239,667,669,668,538,537,539],"class_list":["post-6950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-super-absorbent-polymers","tag-super-absorbent-polymers-bulk","tag-super-absorbent-polymers-wholesale","tag-super-absorbent-polymerssupplier","tag-super-absorbent-polymers-factory","tag-super-absorbent-polymers-manufacturer","tag-super-absorbent-polymers-supplier"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6951,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6950\/revisions\/6951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gelsap.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}